The below query helps to retrieve information on columns in a table:
Select A.Name,B.Name,D.name,A.max_length,A.precision,
A.is_identity,A.is_nullable,E.[definition]
from sys.columns A inner join sys.tables B on A.object_id=B.object_id
inner join sys.schemas C on C.schema_id=B.schema_id
inner join sys.types D on D.user_type_id=A.user_type_id
left outer join sys.default_constraints E on E.parent_column_id=A.column_id and A.object_id=E.parent_object_id
where C.name='<<SchemaName>>' and B.name='<<TableName>>'
sp_columns
system stored procedure can also be used to get the information.